An Effective Strategy for Safe Design in Engineering and Construction

David England is a safety and risk consultant at Attis Engineering Solutions Ltd. He has extensive experience in the manufacturing, retail, logistics, central government, and military sectors. Dr Andy Painting is founder of Attis Engineering Solutions Ltd (www.attis.org.uk). He has experience consulting in the safety and risk space in industries including the military and national defence, manufacturing, retail, logistics, and maritime trading.

Figures ix Tables xi Foreword xiii Introduction 1 Aims of the Book 1 Who the Book is For 2 How the Book is Structured 2 Promoting Safe Design 4 Example Case Studies 5 Nuclear Power Plant 6 Office Block 6 Warship 6 Home Printer 6 Motor Car 6 The Context of Design 7 Design and the Product Life Cycle 7 Influences on Design 9 Preventing Error 13 Safety as a Design Component 13 Introduction-Summary 15 Glossary of Terms 16 1 Elements of the Design Process 19 Initiating Need 19 Business Case 20 Requirements Capture 20 The Design Process 21 Design Feasibility 21 Design Specification 23 Full or Technical Design 23 Production Phase 24 Validating the Design 24 Lessons Learned 26 The Design Process-Summary 27 2 The Regulatory Environment 29 The Importance of Regulation in Design 29 Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 31 Environmental Protection Act 1990 34 Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015 (CDM) 34 Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 40 CE Marking 41 Building Information Modelling 43 Standards 44 The "Four Cs" 46 How Construction Regulations Align with the Design Process 48 Benefits of Implementing CDM 48 Pre-construction Including Design 52 Construction Phase 53 Handover and Use 55 The Regulatory Environment-Summary 55 3 Design Process Considerations 57 Management Structure and Delegations 57 Client Relationship 58 Documentation and Management Systems 63 Communication and Dissemination 64 Project Management Methodologies 66 RIBA Plan of Work 67 PRINCE2 68 Environmental Impact and the Circular Economy 69 The Circular Economy 72 Environmental Impact-A Footnote 74 Further Considerations 75 Provision of Materials and Manufacturing Techniques 75 Ergonomics and the Work Environment 76 Space 77 Air Quality 77 Light-Quality, Quantity, Colour Temperature 78 Green Spaces 78 Anthropometry 79 Spatial Design 79 Operating and Maintenance Procedures in Service 79 Training Provision 81 Obsolescence 82 Influences Surrounding the Product Life Cycle 84 Managing/Maintaining the Design Objective 86 Design Management-Summary 88 4 The Management of Risk 89 The Importance of Managing Risk 89 Risk Management Process 90 The Risk Register 92 Influences on Risk Management 93 Risk Appetite 95 External Influencing Factors 97 Control Measures 103 Risk Identification Tools 104 Failure Modes Effects (and Criticality) Analysis 105 Fault Tree Analysis 105 Event Tree Analysis 106 Probabilistic Risk Assessment 107 Bow Tie Method 107 General Principles of Prevention and the Hierarchy of Control 108 CDM Deliverables in Support of Risk Management 114 Pre-construction Information 115 Construction Phase Plan 116 Health and Safety File 117 Competently Dealing with Risk 118 Risk Management Summary 120 5 Effective Design Strategy 123 The Importance of an Effective Design Strategy 123 Initiating Need 125 Business Case 128 "Make/Buy" and "Do Nothing" Approaches 129 Key Stakeholder Engagement 130 Responsibilities 131 Design Risk Management 131 Requirements Capture 135 Initiating the Design Process 137 Management Structure and Delegations 139 Documentation and Management Systems 140 Pre-construction Information 141 Design Feasibility 144 Environmental and External Influences 146 Design A 148 Design B 148 Design C 149 Design D 149 General Principles of Prevention 150 Design Review-Feasibility 153 Additional Stakeholder Engagement 156 Supplier Engagement 157 User Requirements 158 Design Specification 160 Regulatory Environment 160 Operating and Maintaining 161 Desi