Building Services Engineering: After Design, During Construction

Dr Jackie Portman DBEnv., MSc., BEng(Hons), ACGI, CEng, FCIBSE, FIET, MCIOB, is a highly accomplished building services engineering project manager with an enviable track record of delivering complex multi-million pound infrastructure and construction projects within budget and operational standards. She graduated in electrical engineering from Imperial College, University of London and too her first steps into the construction industry. She was attracted by the exciting, challenging, ever-changing and all-encompassing nature of the construction industry: where there are always new challenges and areas of interest and has never looked back. She has worked in consultancy, main-contracting, building services sub-contracting, project management and client organisations in Europe, Africa, Asia and the Middle East. She has led the project management process of a range of projects in terms of complexity, size and uses: university complexes (libraries, archive buildings, state of the art education and research facilities), healthcare projects (wards, laboratories, clinical areas), single and mixed-use commercial office complexes, residential developments and schools. She has always been keen to enthuse and motivate students and trainees and has used her 'hands-on' perspective to support full-time academics and teachers. She has been a visiting lecturer at the University of the West of England and the City of Bristol College: also, contributing to the development of the syllabuses, in particular, ensuring the relevance to current industry trends and requirements. She obtained her doctorate from the University of the West of England, researching into ways and means of improving the contribution of building services engineers to the building design process: looking at how they are perceived by the rest of the construction industry and what tools and processes would help improve their performances.

Preface xi About the Author xv Introduction 1 Design finalisation 5 Cost finalisation 6 Programme finalisation 7 Post-construction involvement 7 Advisory roles 8 Summary 8 Feedback question 8 Reference 8 Part One Stakeholders and procedures during construction 9 Feedback questions 12 1 The client team 13 1.1 Client team functions 13 1.2 Client's liabilities and obligations 15 Health and safety 16 Awarding the contract for construction 17 Handover to contractor of the site 17 Providing information to the construction team 18 Discharging residual design decisions 20 Handback from contractor to client 21 Client's fit-out 22 Summary 23 Feedback questions 23 2 The design team 25 2.1 Design team members and arrangement 25 Assignment and novation 26 Duty of care 29 Copyright 32 Site presence 34 2.2 Design team liabilities and obligations during construction 35 Design liability 35 Liability to provide accurate cost advice 37 Liability to provide accurate programming advice 38 Liability for defective workmanship 39 Liability for maintaining competency 39 Responsibility for record keeping 39 Summary 39 Feedback question 40 Reference 40 3 The construction team 41 3.1 Construction team parties 45 Main contractor 45 Trade subcontractors 45 Off-site supply chain 47 Logistics 49 Support services 51 3.2 Construction team arrangements 51 Separated arrangement 52 Integrated arrangements 52 Management-orientated arrangements 53 Product-based arrangement 53 Partnering 55 3.3 Construction team liabilities and obligations 55 Health and safety 55 Liability for design errors 56 Liability for defects in construction 57 Liability for subcontractors 57 Liability to the general public 59 Liability during warranty period 59 Summary 60 Feedback questions 61 Reference 61 4 Enforcing authorities 63 4.1 Defining 64 4.2 Publishing 65 4.3 Monitoring 66 4.4 Enforcing 68 Regulators 68 Summary 69 Feedback questions 69 5 Public utility services providers 71 Wayleaves and easements 72 5.1 Utility services provider's liabilities and obligations 73 Provision of information 73 Providing quotations 75 Carry out the work and arrange payment 76 Standards and quality of utility services in operation 76 Summary 78 Feedback question 78 Reference 78 6 Non-contractual stakeholders 79 6.1 Neighbours to a construction project 79 6.2 The general public 81 6.3 Awards bodies 81 6.4 Trade unions 81 6.5 Trade associations 82 6.6 Special interest groups 82 6.7 Industry regulators 83 Summary 83 Feedback question 83 Part Two Processes 85 Health and safety 85 Professional ethics 85 7 Contract management 87 7.1 Contract procurement 87 Announcement of tenders 87 Tender documents issued 89 Tender evaluation 92 Negotiation 96 Establishing the construction contract 97 7.2 Contract administration 97 Managing client changes 98 Reporting to clients 98 Responding to queries 99 Issuing certificates 100 7.3 Cost management 100 Bills of quantities 103 Valuations 104 7.4 Programme management 104 Summary 105 Feedback question 106 8 Post-contract design changes 107 8.1 Discharging residual design responsibilities 108 8.2 Addressing new design requirements 110 Client changes 110 Changes in legislation 111 Changes in reference information 112 New information on site conditions 112 Emergence of new technologies 113 Changes due to value engineering 113 8.3 Rectifying errors in the original design 113 Summary 113 Feedback questions 114 Reference 114 9 Examining construction documentation 115 9.1 Construction