Fundamentals of Residential Construction

THE AUTHORS EDWARD ALLEN taught for more than thirty-five years at Yale University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Now deceased, he designed more than fifty constructed buildings and was lead author on Fundamentals of Building Construction, Architect's Studio Companion, Architectural Detailing, and Form and Forces. ALEXANDER C. SCHREYER is Program Director and Senior Lecturer II in the Building and Construction Technology (BCT) program at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. He is an experienced educator and industry expert whose background combines construction, building science, and digital design. He is also the author of Architectural Design with SketchUp. ROB THALLON is Associate Professor and Director of OregonBILDS in the School of Architecture and Environment at the University of Oregon. He is also the author of Graphic Guide to Frame Construction and Graphic Guide to Interior Details.

Preface to the Fifth Edition xi How to Use This Book xiii Acknowledgments xvii Part One Context for Building 1 Chapter 1 The Context for Residential Construction 3 1.1 History 4 1.2 A Culture of Building 7 1.3 Construction Systems 10 1.4 Types of Residential Development 12 1.5 Zoning Ordinances, Building Codes, and Other Legal Constraints 19 1.6 Building Costs and Financing 21 1.7 Building a House: The Typical Process 24 1.8 MasterFormat 29 Chapter 2 Sustainability Aspects of Construction 35 2.1 Why Sustainability Matters for Buildings 36 2.2 Environmental Responsibility: Building Green 39 2.3 Comprehensive Certification Systems 49 2.4 Resiliency 49 Chapter 3 The Construction Community: Builders, Contractors, and Developers 57 3.1 History 58 3.2 Builders and Contractors 60 3.3 Obtaining Work 65 3.4 The Residential Developer 67 3.5 Green Builders, Contractors, Remodelers, and Developers 72 3.6 Training the Construction Community 73 3.7 Tools of the Trade 74 3.8 Safety 77 Chapter 4 The Design Community: Architects, Designers, and Consultants 83 4.1 History 84 4.2 Residential Designers 84 4.3 Consultants 87 4.4 The Design Process 90 4.5 Design Sources 95 4.6 Communication between Designer and Builder 98 4.7 High- Performance House Designers 101 Part Two Materials 105 Chapter 5 Wood, Wood Products, and Plastics 107 5.1 Building with Wood 108 5.2 Lumber 110 5.3 Wood Products 122 5.4 Protection and Treatment 135 5.5 Wood Fasteners 137 5.6 Wood- Based Building Components 143 5.7 Types of Wood Construction 143 5.8 Plastics in Construction 145 Chapter 6 Masonry 155 6.1 Building with Stone 156 6.2 Mortar 158 6.3 Concrete Masonry 160 6.4 Brick Masonry 170 6.5 Stone Masonry 180 6.6 Other Types of Masonry Units 186 6.7 Special Considerations for Masonry Construction 187 Chapter 7 Concrete and Metals 193 7.1 Building with Concrete and Metals 194 7.2 Cement and Concrete 196 7.3 Making and Placing Concrete 199 7.4 Formwork 203 7.5 Reinforcing 203 7.6 Metals in Construction 210 Part Three Wood Light Frame House Construction 221 Chapter 8 Rough Site Work 223 8.1 Design Considerations 224 8.2 Organizing the Site for Construction 225 8.3 Site Preparation 225 8.4 Excavation 227 8.5 Site Utilities 229 8.6 Surface Water Drainage 234 8.7 Grading 236 Chapter 9 Foundations 245 9.1 Foundation Loads 246 9.2 Foundation Settlement 246 9.3 Soils 247 9.4 Designing Foundations 248 9.5 Footings 251 9.6 Concrete Foundation Walls 253 9.7 Concrete Masonry Foundation Walls 256 9.8 Concrete Slab Foundations 258 9.9 Wood Foundations 264 9.10 Precast Concrete Foundations 264 9.11 Pier Foundations 265 9.12 Anchor Bolts and Hold- Downs 265 9.13 Drainage and Waterproofing 267 9.14 Foundation Insulation 268 9.15 Backfilling 270 9.16 Foundation Design and the Building Codes 271 Chapter 10 Floor and Wall Framing 275 10.1 History 276 10.2 The Platform Frame 277 10.3 Building the Frame 279 Chapter 11 Roof Framing 307 11.1 History 308 11.2 Roof Types and Parts 309 11.3 Building the Roof 311 11.4 Wood Framing and the Building Codes 327 11.5 The Uniqueness of Wood Light Frame Construction 332 Chapter 12 Finishing the Roof 337 12.1 Preparation for Roofing 338 12.2 Roof Slope 338 12.3 Steep Roofs 340 12.4 Low- Slope Roofs 350 12.5 Roof Edge Details 358 12.6 Roof Drainage 358 12.7 Roofing and the Building Codes 362 Chapter 13 Windows and Exterior Doors 369 13.1 Windows 370 13.2 Exterior Doors 379 Chapter 14 Finishing the Exterior Walls 393 14.1 The Weather Barrier Membrane 395 14.2 Exterior Trim 396 14.3 Siding 396 14.4 Exterior Paints and Coati