New Code of Estimating Practice

The Chartered Institute of Building is at the heart of a management career in construction. It is the world's largest and most influential professional body for construction management and leadership, with a Royal Charter to promote the science and practice of building and construction for the benefit of society. With over 48,000 members worldwide, the CIOB is the international voice of the building professional.

Foreword xi Glossary xiii Code of estimating and tendering practice - principles and procedures xxv Section One Principles - the theory and background 1 1 Introduction 3 1.1 An imprecise science 3 1.2 Data, information, and knowledge in estimating 4 1.3 Experience, instinct, gut feel, intuition and bias 5 1.4 Optimism bias 6 2 The Fundamentals 7 2.1 Tender and bid 7 2.2 Pricing 7 2.3 Profitability 8 2.4 Types of tender 9 2.5 Tender award 10 2.6 The difference between procurement and tendering 10 2.7 Methods of procurement 11 3 Changes driving estimating practice 13 3.1 Digitisation 13 3.2 E-Tendering 14 3.3 Legislation and taxation 14 3.4 Bureaucracy 14 3.5 Competition and winning work 14 3.6 Specialisation 15 3.7 New technologies and off-site production 15 3.8 New methods of procurement 15 3.9 Best value 15 4 The bid process 17 4.1 Work breakdown structure 17 4.2 Underlying principles 18 5 Health and safety 25 5.1 Introduction 25 5.2 Estimating the cost of health and safety 25 6 The pre-qualification process 31 6.1 Introduction 31 6.2 Bidding for public sector projects 32 7 Procurement, selection, contractual arrangements and legal issues 37 7.1 Methods of procurement 37 7.2 Two-stage tendering 43 7.3 Framework agreements 44 7.4 Concession contracts 44 7.5 Engineer Procure Construct (EPC) 46 7.6 Prime contracting 46 7.7 Early contractor involvement (ECI) 47 7.8 Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) 47 7.9 Selection processes 47 7.10 Integrated design and construction 49 7.11 E-procurement 49 7.12 E-auctions 50 7.13 Abnormally low tenders 50 8 Preliminaries 51 8.1 Site establishment 51 8.2 Insurances, bonds and so on 58 8.3 Site records 61 8.4 Fees and charges 62 8.5 Compliance 63 8.6 Environmental management 65 8.7 Wastewater treatment system 68 8.8 Waste management 69 8.9 Waste disposal, sorting and storage 71 8.10 Setting out 74 8.11 Control and protection 75 8.12 Completion and post-completion requirements 76 8.13 Contingencies 77 8.14 Management and staff 78 9 Temporary Works 81 9.1 Introduction 81 9.2 Temporary works management 83 9.3 Temporary works co-ordinator (TWC) 83 9.4 Temporary works supervisor 84 9.5 Temporary works register 84 9.6 Temporary works design brief 84 9.7 Scaffolding 89 9.8 Falsework 92 9.9 Formwork 93 9.10 Earthworks 94 9.11 Temporary services 97 9.12 Facade retention 98 9.13 Structures - design and loading 99 9.14 Plant foundations 100 9.15 Protection on-site 100 9.16 Traffic management 101 9.17 Temporary access for vehicles and pedestrians 101 9.18 Barriers for pedestrians and vehicles 101 9.19 Haul roads 102 9.20 Works associated with any ordnance uncovered 102 9.21 Signage 102 9.22 Protection of adjacent properties 102 10 Cost-estimating techniques 103 10.1 Approximate quantities 108 10.2 Cost planning 110 11 Private finance initiative/public-private partnerships/build, operate and transfer, and whole-life costing 113 12 Risk management 115 12.1 Background 115 12.2 Risk analysis 118 12.3 Cost estimating accuracy 118 13 Logistics 121 13.1 Materials logistics plan 122 13.2 Materials management 124 13.3 Personnel management and health and safety 124 13.4 Plant, tools and equipment - maintenance and management 124 13.5 Transportation 124 13.6 Traffic management 127 14 Resource and production planning 129 14.1 Planning techniques 130 14.2 Resource planning 130 14.3 Time - its perception and impact on the estimating process 133 15 Computer-aided cost estimating 135 16 BIM and the estimating process 137 16.1 Overview 137 16.2 The challenges of using BIM in the estimating pro